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WGU Scripting and Programming Foundations Exam Sample Questions (Q90-Q95):
NEW QUESTION # 90
Which is one characteristic of an object-oriented language that is not a characteristic of a procedural or functional language?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Object-oriented programming (OOP) languages are distinguished by their use of objects, which encapsulate data and behavior, and support features like inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), this object-based approach is unique to OOP and not inherent to procedural or functional paradigms.
* Option A: "The language is optimized for recursive programming." This is incorrect. Recursion is a technique supported by many languages across paradigms, including procedural (e.g., C), functional (e.
g., Haskell), and object-oriented (e.g., Java). It is not unique to OOP.
* Option B: "The language is based on the concept of modular programming and the calling of a subroutine." This is incorrect. Modular programming and subroutines (functions or procedures) are central to procedural languages (e.g., C) and also supported in functional languages. While OOP languages support modularity, this is not their distinguishing feature.
* Option C: "The language treats programs as evaluating mathematical functions." This is incorrect. This describes functional programming languages (e.g., Haskell, Lisp), which emphasize immutability and function evaluation, not OOP.
* Option D: "The language supports decomposing a program into objects that interact with one another." This is correct. OOP languages (e.g., Java, C++, Python) are characterized by organizing code into objects that encapsulate data and methods, interacting through messages or method calls. This is not a feature of procedural (e.g., C) or functional (e.g., Scheme) languages, which focus on procedures or functions, respectively.
Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Programming Paradigms).
Python Documentation: "Classes" (https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html).
W3Schools: "Java OOP" (https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_oop.asp).
NEW QUESTION # 91
A particular sorting algorithm takes integer list [10, 6, 8] and incorrectly sorts the list to [6, 10, 8]. What is true about the algorithm's correctness for sorting an arbitrary list of three integers?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
A sorting algorithm is correct if it consistently produces a sorted output (e.g., ascending order: [6, 8, 10] for input [10, 6, 8]). According to foundational programming principles, if an algorithm fails to sort any input correctly, it is considered incorrect for the general case.
* Analysis:
* Input: [10, 6, 8].
* Output: [6, 10, 8].
* Correct sorted output: [6, 8, 10] (ascending).
* The algorithm's output [6, 10, 8] is not sorted, as 10 > 8.
* Option A: "The algorithm is incorrect." This is correct. Since the algorithm fails to sort [10, 6, 8] correctly, it is not a valid sorting algorithm for arbitrary inputs. A single failure proves incorrectness for the general case.
* Option B: "The algorithm only works for [10, 6, 8]." This is incorrect. The algorithm does not "work" for [10, 6, 8], as it produces an incorrect output.
* Option C: "The algorithm's correctness is unknown." This is incorrect. The given example demonstrates incorrectness, so the algorithm is known to be incorrect.
* Option D: "The algorithm is correct." This is incorrect. The algorithm fails to sort the given input correctly.
Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Sorting Algorithms).
Cormen, T.H., et al., Introduction to Algorithms, 3rd Edition (Chapter 2: Sorting).
GeeksforGeeks: "Sorting Algorithms" (https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/sorting-algorithms/).
NEW QUESTION # 92
What is the purpose of an activity diagram, such as the following diagram?
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Activity diagrams are another type of UML diagram used to model the workflow or flow of control within a system.
* They visually represent the steps performed by a system to complete a specific activity.
* They use a set of symbols, including rounded rectangles for activities, diamonds for decisions, and arrows to show the flow between steps.
* The activity diagram shows the workflow of a process called "PrintPositive".
* It starts with a single initial state (represented by a black circle) labeled "Get Input".
* There's a decision diamond labeled "Negative?" with two paths.
* The "Yes" path leads to an activity "Negate".
* The "No" path leads directly to an activity "Print Output".
* Both paths end with a black circle labeled "End".
How it describes the execution flow:
* The diagram indicates that the process starts by getting some input.
* Then, there's a decision made based on whether the input is negative.
* If it's negative, the value is negated.
* In either case (positive or negative), the output is printed.
* Finally, the process ends.
Summary:
The activity diagram captures the steps involved in the "PrintPositive" activity, including the decision-making process and the alternative paths based on the input. This aligns with the purpose of describing the execution flow.
NEW QUESTION # 93
A program calculates the average miles per gallon given miles traveled and gas consumed. How should the item that holds the miles per gallon be declared?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Miles per gallon (MPG) is calculated as miles traveled divided by gallons consumed, typically resulting in a decimal value (e.g., 25.5 MPG). According to foundational programming principles, MPG should be a variable (as it is computed and may change) and a floating-point type to handle decimals.
* Option A: "Variable float milesTraveled." This is incorrect. While miles traveled may be a float variable, the question asks for the declaration of MPG, not miles traveled.
* Option B: "Constant float milesPerGallon." This is incorrect. MPG is calculated and may vary with different inputs, so it should be a variable, not a constant (const).
* Option C: "Constant float milesTraveled." This is incorrect. The question focuses on MPG, not miles traveled, and constants are inappropriate for computed values.
* Option D: "Variable float milesPerGallon." This is correct. MPG requires a float to store decimal values (e.g., 22.7) and a variable to allow updates based on new calculations. For example, in C: float milesPerGallon = miles / gallons;.
Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Variables and Data Types).
Python Documentation: "Floating Point Arithmetic" (https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/floatingpoint.html).
W3Schools: "C Data Types" (https://www.w3schools.com/c/c_data_types.php).
NEW QUESTION # 94
Which two types of operators are found in the code snippet not (g != S)?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The code snippet not (g != S) contains two types of operators:
* Equality Operator (!=): The expression g != S checks whether the value of g is not equal to the value of S. The != operator is used for comparison and returns True if the values are different, otherwise False.
* Logical Operator (not): The not operator is a logical negation operator. It inverts the truth value of a Boolean expression. In this case, not (g != S) evaluates to True if g is equal to S, and False otherwise.
Therefore, the combination of these two operators results in the overall expression not (g != S).
NEW QUESTION # 95
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